S100A9抗体

实验原理 :

（1）公司产品仅用于科研特异性结合抗原：抗体本身不能直接溶解或杀伤带有特异抗原的靶细胞，通常需要补体或吞噬细胞等共同发挥效应以清除病原微生物或导致病理损伤。然而，抗体可通过与病毒或毒素的特异性结合，直接发挥中和病毒的作用。

（2）活补体：IgM、IgG1、IgG2和IgG3可通过经典途径激活补体，凝聚的IgA、IgG4和IgE可通过替代途径激活补体。

（3）结合细胞：不同类别的免疫球蛋白，可结合不同种的细胞，参与免疫应答。

（4）可通过胎盘及粘膜：免疫球蛋白G（IgG）能通过胎盘进入胎儿血流中，使胎儿形成自然被动免疫。免疫球蛋白A（IgA）可通过消化道及呼吸道粘膜，是粘膜局部抗感染免疫的主要因素。

（5）具有抗原性：抗体分子是一种蛋白质，也具有刺机体产生免疫应答的性能。不同的免疫球蛋白分子，各具有不同的抗原性。

（6）抗体对理化因子的抵抗力与一般球蛋白相同：不耐热，60～70℃即被破坏。各种酶及能使蛋白质凝固变性的物质，均能破坏抗体的作用。抗体可被中性盐类沉淀。在生产上常可用硫酸铵或硫酸钠从免疫血清中沉淀出含有抗体的球蛋白，再经透析法将其纯化。
商品详情：
英文名称：S100-A9

别    名:MRP14; CFAG; Leukocyte L1 complex heavy chain; 60B8AG; CAGB; Calgranulin B; Calgranulin-B; CalgranulinB; CGLB; L1AG; Leukocyte L1 complex heavy chain; LIAG; MIF; Migration inhibitory factor related protein 14; NIF; P14; S10A9_HUMAN; Calprotectin L1H subunit; CGLB; Cystic fibrosis antigen; MAC 387; MAC387; Migration inhibitory factor-related protein 14; MRP 14; MRP-14; MRP14; OTTHUMP00000015331; Protein S100-A9; S100 A9; S100 calcium binding protein A9; S100 calcium binding protein A9 calgranulin B; S100 calcium-binding protein A9; S100A9.

研究领域:肿瘤

抗体来源:Rabbit

克隆类型:Polyclonal

交叉反应:Human,  (predicted: Mouse, Rat, )

产品应用:ELISA=1:5000-10000 IHC-P=1:100-500 IHC-F=1:100-500 IF=1:100-500 （石蜡切片需做抗原修复）

not yet tested in other applications.

optimal dilutions/concentrations should be determined by the end user.

理论分子量:14kDa

细胞定位:细胞浆 细胞膜 分泌型蛋白

性    状:Liquid

浓    度:1mg/ml

免 疫 原:KLH conjugated synthetic peptide derived from human S100A9: 51-114/114

亚    型:IgG

纯化方法:affinity purified by Protein A

缓 冲 液:0.01M TBS(pH7.4) with 1% BSA, 0.03% Proclin300 and 50% Glycerol.

注意事项:This product as supplied is intended for research use only, not for use in human, therapeutic or diagnostic applications.

产品介绍:The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family of proteins containing 2 EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100 proteins are localized in the cytoplasm and/or nucleus of a wide range of cells, and involved in the regulation of a number of cellular processes such as cell cycle progression and differentiation. S100 genes include at least 13 members which are located as a cluster on chromosome 1q21. This protein may function in the inhibition of casein kinase and altered expression of this protein is associated with the disease cystic fibrosis. [provided by RefSeq].

S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response. It can induce neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion, can increase the bactericidal activity of neutrophils by promoting phagocytosis via activation of SYK, PI3K/AKT, and ERK1/2 and can induce degranulation of neutrophils by a MAPK-dependent mechanism. Predominantly found as calprotectin (S100A8/A9) which has a wide plethora of intra- and extracellular functions. The intracellular functions include: facilitating leukocyte arachidonic acid trafficking and metabolism, modulation of the tubulin-dependent cytoskeleton during migration of phagocytes and activation of the neutrophilic NADPH-oxidase. Activates NADPH-oxidase by facilitating the enzyme complex assembly at the cell membrane, transferring arachidonic acid, an essential cofactor, to the enzyme complex and S100A8 contributes to the enzyme assembly by directly binding to NCF2/P67PHOX. The extracellular functions involve proinfammatory, antimicrobial, oxidant-scavenging and apoptosis-inducing activities. Its proinflammatory activity includes recruitment of leukocytes, promotion of cytokine and chemokine production, and regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Acts as an alarmin or a danger associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule and stimulates innate immune cells via binding to pattern recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (AGER). Binding to TLR4 and AGER activates the MAP-kinase and NF-kappa-B signaling pathways resulting in the amplification of the proinflammatory cascade. Has antimicrobial activity towards bacteria and fungi and exerts its antimicrobial activity probably via chelation of Zn(2+) which is essential for microbial growth. Can induce cell death via autophagy and apoptosis and this occurs through the cross-talk of mitochondria and lysosomes via reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the process involves BNIP3. Can regulate neutrophil number and apoptosis by an anti-apoptotic effect; regulates cell survival via ITGAM/ITGB and TLR4 and a signaling mechanism involving MEK-ERK. Its role as an oxidant scavenger has a protective role in preventing exaggerated tissue damage by scavenging oxidants. Can act as a potent amplifier of inflammation in autoimmunity as well as in cancer development and tumor spread.

商品属性：

抗体的标记实验要点：

1.如在反应混合液中有叠氮钠或游离氨基存在,会抑制标记反应。因此,蛋白质在反应前要对 0.1mol/L缓冲液或0.5mol/L硼酸缓冲液充分透析；

2.所用的NHSB及待化蛋白质之间的分子比按蛋白质表面的ε-氨基的密度会有所不同,选择不当则影响标记的效率,应先用几个不同的分子比来筛选最适条件；

3.用NHSB量过量也是不利的,抗原的结合位点可能因此被封闭,导致抗体失活；

4.由于抗体的氨基不易接近可能造成化不足,此时可加入去污剂如 Triton x-100, Tween20等；

5.当游离ε-氨基(赖氨酸残基的氨基)存在于抗体的抗原结合位点时,或位于酶的催化位点时,化会降低或损伤抗体蛋白的结合力或活性；

6.还可能与不同的功能基团,如羰基、氨基、巯基、异咪唑基及基,也可与糖基共价结合；

7.交联反应后,应充分透析,否则,残余的会对化抗体与亲和素的结合产生竞争作用；

8.在细胞的荧光标记实验中,中和亲和素的本底低,但由于链霉亲和素含有少量正电荷,故对某些细胞可导致高本底。
一抗和二抗的区别：

第一抗体就是平常所说的抗体，即能和抗原特异性结合。

第二抗体是能和抗体结合的，即抗体的抗体。主要用于检测抗体的存在。

一抗是针对抗原的抗体，二抗是针对一抗的抗体。即抗体也可以充当抗原刺激机体产生抗体。也就是说，抗原进入机体刺激机体免疫系统产生免疫应答，由B细胞可以产生与相应抗原发生特异性结合的特殊蛋白质。

一抗二抗都是一种可以特异结合别的物质的基团，而且一抗可以至少结合两种其他基团（底物和二抗）。

一抗：可以特异结合底物，就是识别出我们想要检测的东西。一抗和底物结合与否用肉眼是看不出来的。

二抗：可以和一抗结合，并带有可以被检测出的标记(如带荧光、放射性、化学发光或显色基团），作用是检测一抗。 如果一抗自己带有可以被检测出的标记(如带荧光、放射性、化学发光或显色基团），则不需要二抗。但这样成本很高，因为一种一抗只识别一种底物。所以如今的设计一般是二抗带上可检测标记，再来检测一抗。而一抗识别底物。这样，当一抗结合到底物上，就可以通过二抗检测出来。

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